阿里云/CentOS如何挂载数据盘?
适用系统:非IO优化+SSD云盘Linux(Redhat , CentOS,Debian,Ubuntu)实例,Linux的云服务器数据盘未做分区和格式化,可以根据以下步骤进行分区以及格式化操作。
下面的操作将会把数据盘划分为一个分区来使用。
1、查看数据盘
在没有分区和格式化数据盘之前,使用“df –h
”命令,是无法看到数据盘的,可以使用“fdisk -l
”命令查看。
[root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vda1 40G 1.5G 36G 4% / devtmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 497M 320K 496M 1% /run tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0 [root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0008e3b4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 83886079 41942016 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
友情提示:若您执行fdisk -l命令,发现没有 /dev/xvdb 表明您的云服务无数据盘,那么您无需进行挂载,此时该教程对您不适用
2、 对数据盘进行分区
执行“fdisk -S 56 /dev/vdb
”命令,对数据盘进行分区;
根据提示,依次输入“n”,“p”“1”,两次回车,“wq”,分区就开始了,很快就会完成。
[root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# fdisk -S 56 /dev/vdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8885c938. Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-62914559, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-62914559, default 62914559): Using default value 62914559 Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 30 GiB is set Command (m for help): wq The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
3、 查看新的分区
使用“fdisk -l
”命令可以看到,新的分区vdb1已经建立完成了。
[root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0008e3b4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 2048 83886079 41942016 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x8885c938 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 2048 62914559 31456256 83 Linux
4、格式化新分区
以ext4为例:使用“mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
”命令对新分区进行格式化,格式化的时间根据硬盘大小有所不同。(也可自主决定选用其它文件格式,如ext3等)
使用df -Th
可查看当前磁盘格式
[root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vda1 ext4 40G 1.5G 36G 4% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 497M 324K 496M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0
开始格式化
[root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 1966080 inodes, 7864064 blocks 393203 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2155872256 240 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
5、添加分区信息
使用“echo '/dev/vdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
”(不含引号)命令写入新分区信息。
然后使用“cat /etc/fstab
”命令查看,出现以下信息就表示写入成功。
注:ubuntu12.04不支持barrier,所以正确写法是:echo '/dev/xvdb1 /mnt ext4 barrier=0 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
* 如果需要把数据盘单独挂载到某个文件夹,比如单独用来存放网页,可以修改以上命令中的/mnt部分
[root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# echo '/dev/vdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0'>> /etc/fstab [root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 25 07:16:25 2017 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=eb697457-a097-4263-8bbf-a75aa632d27c / ext4 defaults 1 1 /dev/vdb1 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0
6、挂载新分区
使用“mount -a
”命令挂载新分区,然后用“df -h
”命令查看,出现以下信息就说明挂载成功,可以开始使用新的分区了。
[root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# mount -a [root@iZm****************3523lxZ ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vda1 40G 1.5G 36G 4% / devtmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 497M 324K 496M 1% /run tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/vdb1 30G 45M 28G 1% /mnt