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GatsbyJS在Windows命令行创建项目出错的解决方法

技术运维后端开发GatsbyJS 3042

一 依赖缺失引起的错误

按照官方的gatsby new project命令创建新项目时可能会遇到下面的错误：

gatsby new blog
info Creating new site from git: https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby-starter-default.git
Cloning into 'blog'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 28, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (28/28), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (25/25), done.
remote: Total 28 (delta 2), reused 15 (delta 2), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (28/28), done.
success Created starter directory layout
info Installing packages...

> [email protected] install D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\sharp
> (node install/libvips && node install/dll-copy && prebuild-install) || (node-gyp rebuild && node install/dll-copy)

info sharp Using cached C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache\_libvips\libvips-8.8.1-win32-x64.tar.gz
info sharp Creating D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\sharp\build\Release
info sharp Copying DLLs from D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\sharp\vendor\lib to D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\sharp\build\Release

> [email protected] postinstall D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\core-js
> node -e "try{require('./postinstall')}catch(e){}"

Thank you for using core-js ( https://github.com/zloirock/core-js ) for polyfilling JavaScript standard library!

The project needs your help! Please consider supporting of core-js on Open Collective or Patreon:
> https://opencollective.com/core-js
> https://www.patreon.com/zloirock

Also, the author of core-js ( https://github.com/zloirock ) is looking for a good job -)


> [email protected] postinstall D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\core-js-pure
> node -e "try{require('./postinstall')}catch(e){}"


> [email protected] postinstall D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\gatsby-telemetry
> node src/postinstall.js || true


> [email protected] postinstall D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\cwebp-bin
> node lib/install.js

  ‼ read ECONNRESET
  ‼ cwebp pre-build test failed
  i compiling from source
  × Error: Command failed: C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "./configure --disable-shared --prefix="D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\cwebp-bin\vendor" --bindir="D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\cwebp-bin\vendor""
'.' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.


    at D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\bin-build\node_modules\execa\index.js:231:11
    at runMicrotasks (<anonymous>)
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:97:5)
    at async Promise.all (index 0)

> [email protected] postinstall D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\mozjpeg
> node lib/install.js

  ‼ read ECONNRESET
  ‼ mozjpeg pre-build test failed
  i compiling from source
  × Error: Command failed: C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe /s /c "autoreconf -fiv"
'autoreconf' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.


    at D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\bin-build\node_modules\execa\index.js:231:11
    at runMicrotasks (<anonymous>)
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:97:5)
    at async Promise.all (index 0)

> [email protected] postinstall D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\pngquant-bin
> node lib/install.js

  ‼ read ECONNRESET
  ‼ pngquant pre-build test failed
  i compiling from source
  × Error: pngquant failed to build, make sure that libpng-dev is installed
    at D:\WorkSpace\gatsby\blog\node_modules\bin-build\node_modules\execa\index.js:231:11
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:97:5)
    at async Promise.all (index 0)
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: [email protected] (node_modules\fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for [email protected]: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"win32","arch":"x64"})
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: [email protected] (node_modules\chokidar\node_modules\fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for [email protected]: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"win32","arch":"x64"})

npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! [email protected] postinstall: `node lib/install.js`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the [email protected] postinstall script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache\_logs\2020-02-29T00_31_52_634Z-debug.log

 ERROR

Command failed with exit code 1: npm install



  Error: Command failed with exit code 1: npm install

  - error.js:56 makeError
    [npm]/[gatsby-cli]/[execa]/lib/error.js:56:11

  - index.js:114 handlePromise
    [npm]/[gatsby-cli]/[execa]/index.js:114:26

  - task_queues.js:97 processTicksAndRejections
    internal/process/task_queues.js:97:5

解决方法

找到对应的类库逐一安装即可

C:\Users\Julian>npm install --global cwebp-bin
C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\cwebp -> C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\cwebp-bin\cli.js

> [email protected] postinstall C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\cwebp-bin
> node lib/install.js

  √ cwebp pre-build test passed successfully
+ [email protected]
added 213 packages from 73 contributors in 36.105s

C:\Users\Julian>npm install --global mozjpeg
C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\mozjpeg -> C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\mozjpeg\cli.js

> [email protected] postinstall C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\mozjpeg
> node lib/install.js

  √ mozjpeg pre-build test passed successfully
+ [email protected]
added 213 packages from 72 contributors in 26.926s

C:\Users\Julian>npm install --global pngquant-bin
C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\pngquant -> C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\pngquant-bin\cli.js

> [email protected] postinstall C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\pngquant-bin
> node lib/install.js

  √ pngquant pre-build test passed successfully
+ [email protected]
added 218 packages from 72 contributors in 32.053s

安装完成后用gatsby重新创建项目即可，如果遇到编译错误可以忽视，不影响项目正常。

info
Your new Gatsby site has been successfully bootstrapped. Start developing it by running:

  cd blog
  gatsby develop

二 Windows安全策略导致的出错

在PowerShell中安装完GatsbyJS后新建项目出现错误：

gatsby new my-blazing-fast-site
gatsby : 无法加载文件 C:\Users\Julien\AppData\Roaming\npm\gatsby.ps1。未对文件 C:\Users\Julien\AppData\Roaming\npm\gats
by.ps1 进行数字签名。无法在当前系统上运行该脚本。有关运行脚本和设置执行策略的详细信息，请参阅 https:/go.microsoft.com/f
wlink/?LinkID=135170 中的 about_Execution_Policies。
所在位置 行:1 字符: 1
+ gatsby new my-blazing-fast-site
+ ~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : SecurityError: (:) []，PSSecurityException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : UnauthorizedAccess

这是由于Windows的安全策略导致的

解决方法

运行Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted，然后选择Y或者A

Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted

执行策略更改
执行策略可帮助你防止执行不信任的脚本。更改执行策略可能会产生安全风险，如 https:/go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
中的 about_Execution_Policies 帮助主题所述。是否要更改执行策略?
[Y] 是(Y)  [A] 全是(A)  [N] 否(N)  [L] 全否(L)  [S] 暂停(S)  [?] 帮助 (默认值为“N”): Y

最后再运行gatsby new my-blazing-fast-site来创建项目。

Read Comments

  • 洲际捣蛋4 years ago★★★★★↑2

    博主解决思路是对的，但是我在安装缺失依赖的时候任然安装失败。原因：依赖包需要从GitHub上下载。本地DNS解析github域名出错，导致安装失败。修改本地Hosts文件，绕过DNS解析。再次安装依赖成功，

    Reply

    • Julien4 years ago↑0

      网络问题是比较头疼的，无论如何，感谢提示！

      Reply

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